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托福阅读1000词-第35章

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2。 The stream of positive particles that meets the surge of electrons from the cloud often arises from a tall…pointed structure just like a metal flagpole; that's why the subsequent lightning often strikes a tall structure。 与云中的电子团相遇的正电子束通常是从有着尖顶的高层建筑上方升起,而这种建筑就像金属旗杆一样,这就是为何随后的闪电往往会击中高层建筑。
3。 Volatile substances usually strike the hound's nose for their distinctive scents。 挥发性物质通常因为特殊的气味而被猎犬闻到。
同义 attack(v。 侵袭);smack(v。 打,击);walkout(n。 罢工)
supplement['s?plim?nt]n。 补充;增刊;附录['s?pliment]v。 补充
例句 Most of the poor peasant families spun or wove cloth and linens at home in an attempt to supplement meager family income。 多数贫困的农民在家里纺织布匹和亚麻,试图贴补微薄的家用。
派生 supplementary(a。 补充的)
要点 supplement通常指的是营养、经济方面的补充或是书籍的补编,比如:a supplement to government funding“对政府款项的补充”。
surrounding[s?'raundi?]n。[常 pl。]周围的事物,环境 a。 周围的
例句 1。 No matter how the surroundings were changed; as long as the birds could see the Sun; they could find the directions correctly。 无论周围环境发生何种改变,鸟儿只要能看到太阳,就可以准确无误地找到方向。
2。 With respect to the surroundings; the position of this device could be changed by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outer walls。 至于环境,该装置可以通过旋转内部鸟笼和外墙来改变位置。
3。 In winter the heat produced by a city can equal or surpass the amount of heat available from the Sun and all the heat that warms a building eventually transfers to the surrounding air。 冬天,城市产生的热量可以达到或超过太阳可以提供的热量,而且所有用来供暖的热量最后都会转移到周围的空气中。
要点 surrounding一词由surround“环境”变化而来,通常指的是周遭环境,要注意与environment区别,后者多指“自然环境”。
terrace['ter?s]n。 排屋;露天阶梯看台;梯田
例句 In the thirteenth century; some scholars thought strongly that the construction of small dams; reservoirs; terraces and field houses had no relation to the growth in the number of people。 在13世纪,很多学者强烈地认为小型水坝、水库、梯田以及储藏室的建造与人口数量的增长无关。
textile['tekstail]n。 纺织品
例句 1。 The disadvantage of waterpower is that streams do not always flow in places that are suitable to build factories; which explains why so many water…powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places。 水力有这样的缺点,不是所有的溪流都会流入适合建造工厂的地点,这就解释了为何许多依靠水力的谷物磨坊和纺织厂都位于不理想的位置。
2。 At that time; the European textile industry's demand for American export products had been increased。 那时,欧洲纺织业对美国出口产品的需求有所增加。
同义 fabric(n。 织物)
tolerate['tɑ:l?reit]v。 忍受;容许;承认
例句 1。 Perhaps the reason of the extinction of dinosaurs was that they could not tolerate the extreme temperature changes。 或许恐龙灭绝的原因是它们无法忍受气候的急剧变化。
2。 The complex climax communities like temperate forest will tolerate considerable damage from weather to pests。 像温带森林这样复杂的顶级群落可以忍受从气候到虫害等强度较大的损害。
3。 The so…called serpentine soils are deficient in calcium; and only plants able to tolerate the insufficiency of this mineral can survive here。 所谓的蛇纹岩土缺乏钙质,只有能够忍受这种物质匮乏的植物才能在此生存。
同义 endure; withstand(v。 忍受;容许)
trail[treil]n。 痕迹;小路 v。 跟踪;拉;蔓延
例句 The patterns of these ceramics were outlined in a raised trail of slip; as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value。 这些陶器上的图案是在有浮雕痕迹的纸片上勾勒出来的,就像许多用于丧葬的陶器是模仿其他用更好材质制成的容器制作的。
turnpike['t?:rnpaik]n。 收费公路;收税关卡
例句 1。 The first step to improve western transportation was to set up turnpikes。 改善西方交通系统的第一步就是设立收税关卡。
2。 These turnpike roads were very slow and too costly for some people to travel on them。 这些收费公路不仅行驶缓慢,而且对一些人来说花费太高。
unanticipated[??n?n'tisipeitid]a。 意料之外的
例句 With the rapid technical development of photography; the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment and new emulsions that coated photographic plates; film; and paper; images can be made at unanticipated speed。 随着摄影技术的迅速发展,以及更轻薄、更简单的设备的引进,还有新的可以涂在摄影底片、胶卷和相纸上的感光乳剂,图片可以以意想不到的速度制作出来。
urban['?:rb?n]a。 城市的,市内的
例句 1。 Trade was the mainstay of the urban economy in the Middle East as caravans negotiated in the surrounding desert; and it was only restricted by mountain ranges and the access to water。 贸易是中东城市经济体的主要部分,大篷车在周围的沙漠地区进行谈判,而唯一的障碍不过是山峰及通往水路的道路。
2。 In recent years; the urban population decreased rapidly。 在最近几年,城市人口迅速减少。
utilize['ju:t?laiz]v。 利用
例句 1。 The introduction of new screen was delayed for a quarter century; and color also did not become a norm until the 1950s; though utilized over the next two decades for special productions。 新型屏幕的引进被推迟了25年,而色彩虽然在接下来的20年中被用于特殊的产品,但直到20世纪50年代才成为一种标准。
2。 Scientists are planning to utilize a green and environmentally…friendly alternative to diesel; for example biofuel。 科学家希望利用一种绿色环保的能源以替代柴油,比如生物燃料。
要点 短语make use of与utilize的含义相同,都表示“利用”。
valuable['v?lju?bl]a。 贵重的;有价值的 n。[常 pl。]贵重物品
例句 1。 The acacia trees are a valuable source that provides nutrition for the ants。 金合欢树是一种有价值的资源,可以为蚂蚁提供营养。
2。 The vegetation is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration。 这种植物可以遏制侵蚀和沼泽地恶化,因此很有价值。
3。 The rare and valuable metals and stones found in the Middle Eastern deserts have always been in high demand in surrounding areas。 附近地区对中东沙漠中发现的稀少而贵重的金属和石头有着很高的需求。
visible['viz?bl]a。 看得见的;明显的
例句 1。 When an animal is signaling; the colors would not be very visible if it was sitting in a place with a yellowish or greenish background。 当动物发出信号时,如果它所在的地方有着黄色或绿色的背景,那么它的颜色将无法被明显地看见。
2。 Despite all the highly visible technological developments in theatrical and home delivery of the moving image that have occurred over the decades since then; there is no innovation that can be regarded as a similar kind of turning point。 尽管高度可视化技术在戏剧和家用动态影像呈现方面的发展已超过数十年之久,依然没有一项类似的创新可以被看做是与之匹敌的转折点。
3。 Although the real Sun was visible; the birds also kept a constant direction when they moved across the sky。 即使可以看到真正的太阳,但当鸟儿飞翔时,仍然会保持一个方向。
同义 observable; noticeable(a。 明显的)
warn[w?:rn]v。 警告,告诫;通知
例句 A number of writers have warned that the assumption of such a sequence — a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic — obscures the cultural continuities in aboriginal Australia。 很多作家告诫,这样的假设——从简单和呈几何特征的,到复杂和自然的——模糊了澳大利亚土著文化的连续性。
wheat[wi:t]n。 小麦;朴实的人
例句 This region has a semiarid climate; and for 50 years; it only supported a low…intensity agricultural economy of cattle ranching and wheat farming。 这个地区是半干旱气候,50年来仅支持小规模的农业经济——放牧业和小麦种植。

工作学习篇
absence['?bs?ns]n。 缺席;缺乏
例句 Sometimes; the presence or absence of interest when learning a new thing is affected by the teacher's method of teaching。 有时,是否有兴趣学习一项新事物会受到老师教学方法的影响。
同义 lack(n。 缺乏)
要点 absence通常表示“缺席”,但是在托福阅读中,经常会考到“缺少,缺乏”这一含义,比如absence of evidence“缺少证据”。
absent['?bs?nt]a。 不在场的;不存在的;心不在焉的
例句 1。 The rainfall is not totally absent in desert areas; it is just very unstable。沙漠地区并不是完全没有降水,只是不稳定而已。
2。 Even though environmental cues are absent; animals still have internal clocks that influence their activities。 即使没有来自环境的信号,动物自身的生物钟仍可以影响它们的活动。
3。 There is an automatic and adaptive increase in breathing effort when we feel difficulty in breathing but this reflexive adjustment is totally absent during NREM sleep。 当我们感到呼吸困难时,呼吸作用就会自动地相应增强,而在非快速眼动睡眠期间,这种反应调整是完全不存在的。
absorb[?b'z?:rb]v。 吸收;吸引…的注意;把…并入
搭配 be absorbed in 全神贯注于
例句 1。 For normal growth and development; plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities。 植物为了正常的生长,需要从土壤中吸收充分的矿物养分。
2。 These minerals are mainly from the soil which are absorbed by the plant with the water。 这些矿物质主要来源于土壤,它们连同水分一起被植物吸收。
3。 Even in some areas that retain a soil cover; the reduction of vegetation results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water。 在一些地区,即使土地表层仍有土壤覆盖,植被的减少也会导致土壤丧失吸收大量水分的能力。
同义 engage(v。 吸引)
要点 短语take in与absorb具有相同的含义,在文章中可能会被用于替换表达。
acceptable[?k'sept?bl]a。 可接受的
例句 A social group would use the way of shunning to enforce practice of the kinds of behavior which is acceptable to the group。 一个社会团体会用回避的方式来将这种被团体接受的行为付诸实践。
aggregate['?grig?t]n。 总计;聚集体['?grigeit]v。 聚集;总计
例句 1。 Given all the disadvantages of living in aggregated towns; we can know why people move into other places。 了解到生活在聚集的城镇中的所有弊端,我们就能知道人们为何要移居别处了。
2。 Marine mammals have the misfortune to be the aggregates of commodities that humans want for their fur; oil; and meat。 由于它们的皮毛、油脂和肉,海洋哺乳动物不幸成为人类所需的商品集合体。
argument['ɑ:rgjum?nt]n。 争论;论据,论证
例句 1。 Some scholars claim that the intensification of farmers' arduous efforts led to further population groore arable land; but evidence of the development of agriculture indicates a need to feed a larger population and so the argument that a growing population was the cause of the move to pueblos changes。 一些学者声称农民的辛勤劳作导致了人口

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